Decarbonising in Energy Intensive Industries: Engineering Pathways Under Real-World Constraints
Why energy intensive industries present a unique challenge The drive towards net zero has accelerated investment in renewable energy, electrification, and low-carbon technologies across many sectors of the economy. While significant progress has been made in areas such as power generation and transport, energy intensive industries (EIIs) continue to present some of the most complex decarbonisation challenges. Industries including steel, cement, chemicals, oil and gas, glass, and automotive manufacturing play a critical role in modern economies. They provide the materials, products, and infrastructure that underpin society, but they also account for a substantial proportion of global greenhouse gas emissions. Steel and cement production alone are responsible for approximately 14–16% of global…