Researchers at the University of Edinburgh are undertaking research into the development of 3D-printed blood vessels, which closely mimic the properties of human veins, to improve the treatment of those living with cardiovascular disease.

According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally, killing an estimated 17.9 million people each year.

Coronary heart disease, which occurs when the coronary arteries that supply the heart with oxygen become narrowed by a gradual build-up of fatty material, is the most commonly diagnosed cardiovascular disease worldwide. The British Heart Foundation estimates that around 200 million people are living with the disease globally and it is now the cause of one in six deaths.

Coronary artery bypass grafting, often referred to as heart bypass or grafts, is a common surgical procedure and a routine treatment for coronary heart disease. Around 20,000 are carried out in England each year.

The procedure involves...