The Paris Agreement established three global goals – limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C and ideally 1.5°C, promote adaptation and resilience, and align financial flows with low-emissions, climate-resilient development.

Nationally determined contributions – or NDCs – are the foundation of the Agreement as they lay out which specific efforts countries are taking to meet it.

In their NDCs, each of the Paris Agreement’s 194 countries must lay out its aims to reduce emissions.

Although 139 have outlined new or updated NDCs as of September 2022, a report from the World Resources Institute (WRI) found them to be “woefully inadequate to avert the climate crisis”.

The report used newly available data from the open-source Climate Watch platform, which captures detailed snapshots of the NDCs following the latest updates and examines how they have evolved since the Paris Agreement entered into force.

The analysis suggests that the Paris Agreement is...