Cars, trucks, ships, buses and aircraft account for about a quarter of all CO2 emissions, according to data from the International Energy Agency, with road-based vehicles being the main culprits.

The 'Glasgow Declaration on Zero Emission Cars and Vans' - introduced at COP26 - pledges signatories to “rapidly” accelerate the transition to less-polluting vehicles. Leading markets will aim to end the sale of vehicles with internal combustion engines by 2035, with other markets aiming for 2040.

According to reports, major signatories include Ford, General Motors, Volvo, Mercedes-Benz, BYD Co, and Jaguar Land Rover from the automotive industry; the countries of India, New Zealand and Poland; individual cities such as Seoul, Sao Paolo, California and New York State, and corporations with large purchasing power, including Leaseplan, Uber and Sainsbury’s.

A number of big Latin American cities – including Bogotá, Cuenca and Salvador – specifically pledged...