STEM Challenge #50: How do you create a masterpiece with heat?

William Fox Talbot was one of the first people to take photographs, ‘painting with light’, although in the 1830s hours of full sunshine were needed. Thermal paper also needs a lot of energy to get a pic. But you won’t need to wait hours. 

The simplest way to get a picture out of thermal paper is to rub it while it lies – sensitive side up – against an interesting, engraved surface. It’s that simple! The ‘magic’ is that the paper coating turns from clear to coloured when it gets to 100°C. The friction, of course, yields heat, and heat produces colour. It’s a bit like brass rubbing, where copies are made from artistic engravings by rubbing a stick of black wax over paper on the brass, but without the wax.

Most thermal paper is 40 or 60mm wide for receipt printers. Better is the A4-width paper for printers and faxes: £5-10 buys you a 30m roll of A4 width. Most turn black with heat, but there...