Hackers, often backed by other nation states and their resources, have repeatedly struck US companies this year, with particular concerns about a surge of ransomware attacks. In May, a ransomware attack targeting pipeline operator Colonial Pipeline led to a temporary disruption to the fuel supply on the East Coast.

This month, the US Treasury Department said that suspected ransomware payments amounting to $590m had been made in the first half of 2021.

A Wall Street Journal report said the new bureau would have three divisions. The first will be focused on international cyber-security issues such as policy development, deterrence and negotiations with allies and adversaries. The second will be focused on digital policy, such as supporting the development of secure telecommunications infrastructure abroad. The third division will be focused on global digital freedom, such as defending human rights online.

Price said the new bureau will be led by an ambassador...