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Insects converted into biodegradable plastic with new process

A team from Texas A&M University have been utilising waste products left over from farming black soldier flies. The larvae of these flies contain many proteins and other nutritious compounds, so the immature insects are increasingly being raised for animal feed and to consume waste. However, the adults have a short life span after their breeding days are over and are quickly discarded. The adult carcasses are being used as a new starting material for the researchers, especially as they contain chitin, a polymer chain with numerous uses. “We’re taking something that’s quite literally garbage and making something useful out of it,” said Cassidy Tibbetts, a graduate student working on the project. This nontoxic, biodegradable, sugar-based polymer strengthens the shell, or exoskeleton, of…

E+T Magazine in Biotechnology
IBM presents ‘brain-like’ chip for more environmentally-friendly AI tools

IBM Research has unveiled a prototype of an analogue AI chip that demonstrates remarkable efficiency and accuracy in performing complex computations for deep neural networks (DNNs). The new design aims to address concerns regarding the carbon emissions associated with the large number of computers needed to power AI systems, as well as extend the life of smartphones. The chip's efficiency is down to components that work in a similar way to connections in human brains, according to IBM. The 14nm CMOS IC is composed of 64 analogue in-memory computing tiles, each with a 256 x 256 crossbar array of synaptic unit cells. This allows the semiconductor to stores weights locally as analogue levels as conductance in phase-change memory, and implements analogue multiply-accumulate calculation…

E+T Magazine in Research and Innovation
India passes data protection bill despite activists’ concerns

The upper house of the Indian parliament has granted its approval to the long-delayed legislation, which will give the government greater control over how Big Tech companies process user data. The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill allows companies to transfer some user data abroad and imposes penalties on companies for breaches in data security. The law will also allow the government to seek information from firms and issue directions to block content on the advice of a data protection board appointed by the federal government. Under the new rules, firms will also be banned from processing personal data that could negatively impact a child’s wellbeing. In addition, the law will require parental consent for processing the personal data of children and force companies to delete user…

E+T Magazine in Ethical Aspects
Surge in oil demand expected to falter in 2024 as global economy weakens

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), strong demand for summer air travel, increased oil use in power generation and surging Chinese petrochemical activity has put pressure on oil supplies this summer – with China accounting for more than 70 per cent of growth. But with the post-pandemic rebound running out of steam, lacklustre economic conditions, tighter efficiency standards and new electric vehicles weighing on use, growth is forecast to slow in 2024. “The global economic outlook remains challenging in the face of soaring interest rates and tighter bank credit, squeezing businesses that are already having to cope with sluggish manufacturing and trade,” the IEA said. Nevertheless, the surge in demand is expected to continue in the coming months. Despite recent increases…

E+T Magazine in Fossil Fuels
Robotaxis receive approval to operate in San Francisco 24/7

The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) made the decision after a contentious six-hour hearing, in which citizens expressed their concerns regarding the expansion of self-driving cars in San Francisco. “Today is the first of many steps in bringing AV transportation services to Californians,” said John Reynolds, CPUC commissioner and former Cruise general counsel. Over the past year, Cruise has been testing 300 robotaxis in the streets of San Francisco. The service was free during the day, and paid at night, when only 100 robotaxis were allowed to operate. Meanwhile, Waymo's 100 autonomous vehicles have been providing free rides to volunteers and employees throughout the city. Although the two companies have stressed that robotaxis remove the risks associated with human errors…

E+T Magazine in Road transport systems
New plastic recycling process creates valuable oils from ‘junk’ waste

Many of the materials commonly thrown in household recycling bins, including flexible films, multilayer materials and a lot of coloured plastics, cannot be recycled using conventional methods. And only about 9 per cent of plastic in the US is ever reused, often in low-value products. But a team at the University of Wisconsin–Madison believes that its new technique can turn low-value waste plastic into high-value products while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by roughly 60 per cent. The process relies on pyrolysis, a method whereby plastics are heated to high temperatures in an oxygen-free environment to create pyrolysis oil. This oil contains large amounts of olefins – a class of simple hydrocarbons that are central building blocks in today’s chemicals and polymers, including various…

E+T Magazine in Waste Management
Genetically-engineered bacteria could detect tumour DNA

The discovery was made using a new Cellular Assay for Targeted CRISPR-discriminated Horizontal gene transfer (CATCH), designed by scientists from the University of California San Diego and their colleagues in Australia. Their innovation, which detected cancer in the colons of mice, could pave the way for new biosensors capable of identifying various infections, cancers and other diseases. In the past, b acteria have been used to carry out various diagnostic and therapeutic functions. However, the method has so far lacked the ability to identify specific DNA sequences and mutations outside of cells. “As we started on this project four years ago, we weren’t even sure if using bacteria as a sensor for mammalian DNA was even possible,” said Dr Jeff Hasty, a professor at the University of…

E+T Magazine in Research and Innovation
Biden bans US investment in China’s high-tech sector

The long-awaited order has been justified as a way of protecting US national security by preventing US capital and expertise from supporting the military modernisation of China, The New York Times first reported. The measure will largely affect private equity and venture capital firms, as well as joint ventures with Chinese groups. The order is focused on three main investment areas: semiconductors and microelectronics, quantum information technologies and certain AI systems. In addition to prohibiting specific investments, the policy will also require firms to notify the government regarding investments in high-tech sectors. In a briefing with reporters, senior administration officials said the measure was a “national security action, not an economic one”, stressing that the US remained…

E+T Magazine
Majority of emissions from UK firms not covered by decarbonisation targets

According to consultants Bain & Company (B&C) and carbon disclosure platform CDP, 64 per cent of Scope 1 and 2 emissions by UK companies are not covered by a target, rising to 69 per cent for Scope 3 emissions. Scope 1 and 2 emissions cover those that are generated by a company itself including the emissions of the energy it sources. Scope 3 emissions encompass those that are not produced by the company itself but are generated as a result of consumers using its products. The report The road to net zero starts with your core business finds that even among UK companies that are setting targets, 21 per cent are currently expected to miss their 2030 targets for Scope 1 and 2 emissions, while 31 per cent are set to miss Scope 3 targets. The full number of companies off track in relation to…

E+T Magazine in Climate Change
ESA forecasting service will protect satellites from solar storms

Scientists at Graz University of Technology and the University of Graz have developed a solar storm forecasting system. It is now officially part of the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Space Safety Programme. Solar storms can often cause satellites to crash or knock them off their orbit. In early February 2022, a solar storm passing Earth caused the loss of 38 Starlink satellites. The forecast service is freely available through the ESA Space Weather Service and offers a warning with a lead time of around 15 hours. Solar orbiter - Nasa/ESA Image credit: ESA/ATG medialab Scientists have already studied the potentially dangerous effects of solar storms on satellite orbit. SODA is based on the findings of SWEETS, a project funded by the Austrian Research Promotion

E+T Magazine in Space
Automated malaria detection system developed using AI and a microscope

Each year, more than 200 million people fall sick with malaria and more than half a million of these infections lead to death. The World Health Organization recommends parasite-based diagnosis before starting treatment for the disease. Doctors use a variety of diagnostic methods, including conventional light microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests and polymerase chain reaction. The standard for malaria diagnosis remains manual light microscopy, during which a specialist examines blood films with a microscope to confirm the presence of malaria parasites. But the accuracy of the results depends on the skills of the microscopist. “At an 88 per cent diagnostic accuracy rate relative to microscopists, the AI system identified malaria parasites almost, though not quite, as well as experts,” said…

E+T Magazine in Research and Innovation
Scientists turn plastic waste into soap

The method could be effective in recycling plastics from milk cartons, food containers and plastic bags, say researchers at the Virginia Tech College of Science. The chemical structure of polyethylene – one of the most commonly used plastics in the world today – is strikingly similar to that of fatty acids, which are used as a chemical precursor to soap. Both materials are made of long carbon chains, but fatty acids have an extra group of atoms at the end of the chain. Due to this chemical similarities, the research team set out to develop a process to convert polyethylene into fatty acids, which could then be used to produce soap. Guoliang ‘Greg’ Liu , associate professor of chemistry, came up with the idea while looking at a fireplace. He then began to wonder what would happen if…

E+T Magazine in Recycling
Widespread study claims Facebook does not cause its users psychological harm

The study used wellbeing data from nearly a million people across 72 countries over 12 years and also harnessed individual usage data from millions of Facebook users worldwide. “Although reports of negative psychological outcomes associated with social media are common in academic and popular writing, evidence for harms is, on balance, more speculative than conclusive,” the research paper states. In 2017, Facebook’s director of research at the time admitted that there was evidence to suggest that scrolling through posts without interacting can leave users feeling low in mood. But according to Professor Andrew Przybylski, leader of the new study, “the best available data” does not support the idea that Facebook membership is related to harm. “In fact, our analysis indicates Facebook is…

E+T Magazine in Research and Innovation
Sponsored: Free poster, validating e-mobility charging interfaces

Download this free poster, Validating E-Mobility Charging Interfaces, to get a deeper understanding of the industry standards modern electric vehicle and charging equipment designs must conform to, in order to ensure safety, efficiency, and interoperability across various charging interfaces of the V2G ecosystem. Click here to view the registration page . Key Learning Outcomes: Visualise the EV Charging Test Ecosystem Get a deeper understanding of the test standards for charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) Learn how to ensure EV/EVSE safety, interoperability, conformance, and durability with Keysight’s Charging Discovery System (CDS) emulation technology Download free poster

E+T Magazine in Power Conversion
Dam works have flooded over a million acres of tribal land in the US, study finds

The floods caused by US dam constructions have raised concerns about the destruction of ecosystems and the cultural heritage and livelihoods of Native people. A team of researchers at the Universities of Pennsylvania and Arizona has found that as much as 1.13 million acres of tribal land in the US have been submerged as a result of the construction of 424 dams all around the country. The data has been taken from records held by federal Indian reservations and Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Areas (OTSAs) alongside the locations of nearly 8000 dams across the US and the size of their reservoirs. “The consequences of dam-induced land loss are far-reaching. The disruption of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems not only devastates natural resources but also destroys culturally significant sites…

E+T Magazine in Ethical Aspects
Hackers gain access to UK voters’ data following cyber attack

The Electoral Commission has revealed it has been the subject of a “complex cyber attack” that made copies of electoral registers from August 2021 accessible to hackers. The attack went undetected for over a year and was only identified in October 2022, the elections watchdog has admitted. The Commission said it has not identified the authors of the attack, adding it is “difficult to accurately predict a figure” for how many people’s data had been affected. In a public notice, the Commission admitted the attackers would have been able to access the names and addresses of anyone in the UK who was registered to vote between 2014 and 2022, as well as the names of overseas voters. This would make it one of the largest data breaches to take place in the UK. These records are kept by the…

E+T Magazine in Cybersecurity
Water firms face £800m legal action over claims of under-reporting sewage spills

Water companies have been consistently under-reporting the number of times they cause pollution incidents and overcharging customers as a result, according to legal firm Leigh Day, which is bringing a collective case against Severn Trent Water, Thames Water, United Utilities, Anglian Water, Yorkshire Water and Northumbrian Water. Professor Carolyn Roberts, an environmental and water consultant represented by Leigh Day, is bringing the claims on behalf of more than 20 million household customers. The first claim alone, against Severn Trent Water, is brought on behalf of 8 million customers with an estimated value of more than £330m. If the six claims are successful, they are expected to lead to compensation payments of over £800m. In May, Water UK, which represents England’s nine water…

E+T Magazine in Water Supply
Video platform T&Cs so complex they can take an hour to read, Ofcom says

In its Regulating Video-Sharing Platforms report, Ofcom found that the terms and conditions of the platforms can take a long time to read – at nearly 16,000 words, OnlyFans had the longest terms of service, which would take the average adult user over an hour to read. This was followed by Twitch (27 minutes, 6,678 words), Snapchat (20 minutes, 4,903 words), TikTok (19 minutes, 4,773 words), Brand New Tube (10 minutes, 2,492 words) and BitChute (eight minutes, 2,017 words). Ofcom calculated a ‘reading ease’ score for each platform’s terms of service. All but one was assessed as being “difficult to read and best understood by high-school graduates”. Twitch’s terms were found to be the most difficult to read while TikTok was the only platform with terms of service likely to be understood by…

E+T Magazine in Ethical Aspects
Harmful contaminants in space-station dust could lead to design changes

University of Birmingham scientists have analysed dust samples and found levels of organic contaminants higher than the median values found in US and western European homes. The team said the findings could help guide the design and construction of future spacecraft. Contaminants found in the ‘space dust’ included those used in many countries to meet fire safety regulations in consumer and commercial applications such as electrical and electronic equipment, building insulation, furniture fabrics and foams. They also found contaminants typically emitted from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, the likes of which are used in space travel. Forever chemicals, or PFAS , were discovered in the dust that are typically used in applications like stain-proofing agents for fabrics and clothing…

E+T Magazine in Space
Robotic sea turtle could help lead hatchlings to safety

The team of researchers designed and built a robotic sea turtle , which they are testing in varied environments on Notre Dame’s campus. Sea turtles are intriguing animals for scientists due to their locomotive adaptability, which allows them to glide through ocean waters and manoeuvre like armoured vehicles over rocks and sand on land. Now, the team at Notre Dame believes they have been able to recreate the animal’s unique gait and propulsion. The robot mimics a real sea turtle’s propulsion: its front flippers move it forward, while its smaller hind flippers allow it to change direction. Nnamdi Chikere and John Simon McElroy with the robot sea turtle model / University of Notre Dame Image credit: University of Notre Dame Yasemin Ozkan-Aydin, assistant professor…

E+T Magazine in Research and Innovation
Book review: 'The Seven Measures of the World' by Piero Martin

The Seven Measures of the World (Yale University Press, £18.99, ISBN: 9780300266276) is a guide to the natural world through seven units of measurement: the metre, the second, the kilogram, the kelvin, the ampere, the mole, and the candela. With these seven measurements, Martin argues, we can understand the universe. The book begins with a sketch of a moment from our recent history: 1960. Elvis was at the top of the charts, the Beatles had just formed, and, at the 11th General Conference of Weights and Measures, the SI system of measurements was adopted: “At last humanity had a coherent architecture for measurement, whose seven basic units defined a complete and universal language for measuring not only our own small world but all of nature, from the most obscure subatomic recesses to the…

E+T Magazine
Britishvolt buyer misses payment deadline, raising doubts about deal

EY, the administrators of Britishvolt, has claimed that Australian firm Recharge Industries has defaulted on its agreement after missing the final instalment of a total payment of £8.57m, which was due on 5 April 2023. “The sale to the buyer had not been completed as the final amount of deferred consideration was due to be paid on 5 April 2023,” EY told creditors last week. “The buyer purchased the company’s business and assets for £8.57m. This amount was payable in a number of instalments. “The final instalment remains unpaid and overdue. As a result, the buyer is in default of the business sale agreement.” Recharge Industries has denied the accusations, stating: “ We dispute we are in default. ” The Australian start-up agreed to buy the defunct battery maker in February after Britishvolt…

E+T Magazine in Power Conversion
Antarctica biodiversity faces devastation without rapid emission reductions

Researchers have warned that without drastic and immediate action, Antarctica’s fragile environments “may well be subject to considerable stress and damage in future years and decades”. The study, published in Frontiers in Environmental Science, reviewed evidence of extreme events in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, including weather, sea ice, ocean temperatures, glacier and ice shelf systems, and biodiversity on land and sea. “Antarctic change has global implications,” said lead author Professor Martin Siegert, from the University of Exeter. “Reducing greenhouse gas emissions to net zero is our best hope of preserving Antarctica, and this must matter to every country – and individual – on the planet.” He also warned that rapid changes in Antarctica could place many countries in breach…

E+T Magazine in Research and Innovation
Ofgem urged to scrap energy price cap to boost market competition

The EPC was originally brought in under Theresa May’s government as a time-limited intervention to protect customers from price-gouging from energy firms. But a report from the Centre for Policy Studies (CPS), a centre-right think tank, said that since the 2022 energy crisis began, the EPC now functions as the “de facto price” for 29 million households, or almost the entire market. Ofgem has also introduced policies that actively disincentivise firms from trying to attract new customers, the CPS added, which has effectively frozen the energy market, creating higher prices for consumers. It called on the government to remove the EPC in its current form while strengthening protections for those who genuinely need support. The research shows that for nearly two years, almost all tariffs…

E+T Magazine in Ethical Aspects

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