• AI deciphers part of ancient Herculaneum scroll

    The breakthrough could allow for the deciphering of the carbonised papyrus scrolls from the Roman town of Herculaneum, which were damaged by the volcanic eruption that destroyed Pompeii in AD 79.  Researchers had been unable to read the documents – until today. By relying on 3D X-ray scans of the scrolls produced by a University of Kentucky team, as well as the latest AI tools, researchers have been able to translate one word in the scrolls: “porphyras”, which means “purple”. The breakthrough was achieved simultaneously by Luke Farritor , a 21-year-old computer science student at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and Youssef Nader , a data science graduate student at the Free University of Berlin in Germany.  “When I saw the first image, I was shocked,” said Federica Nicolardi, a papyrologist…

  • Letters to the editor: volume 18, issue 8

    Open archaeology It is good to see an issue (July 2023) discussing archaeology and using Indiana Jones as a way into the subject. As a ‘scientist’ (I have a BSc so I must be), I have always had an open mind. I have grown up reading books by Graham Hancock, Robert Bauval and local hero Andy Collins, who have studied in depth the evidence from physical remains and ancient astronomical alignments. Extinction events that are now being accepted by mainstream archaeology have been written about by these ‘pseudo-scientists’ but dismissed. But, like it or not, their arguments are now being validated by ‘proper, real’ scientists. Evidence has recently been discovered of a mass extinction event that wiped out perhaps 80% of life on Earth around 250 million years ago. New evidence is always coming…

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    E+T Magazine

  • Construction more likely to occur in green spaces found in UK’s most deprived areas

    In 2012, the government introduced Local Green Space (LGS) designations that give green belt-like protections to smaller areas of land. Since then, 7,286 LGS areas have been established for reasons including their recreational value, beauty and importance for wildlife. The report from rural charity CPRE revealed that LGS designations increased by 771 since 2022, most of them in northern England. In London, the total number of LGSs grew by 64 per cent. But while LGS designations have increased in deprived areas, the mapping also revealed a strong correlation between deprivation and a lack of green space. The charity suggests that engagement with neighbourhood planning may not be a priority for people facing poor housing, low incomes and barriers to accessing healthcare and other essential…

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  • UK missed out on £2bn in tax in 2021 as tech firms moved abroad, report finds

    The group looked at seven large tech firms – Adobe, Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, Cisco, Meta and Microsoft – to calculate the amount of corporate taxes they would have paid if their British subsidiaries declared profits at the same rate as they declared them worldwide. The analysis did not suggest that the companies had evaded taxes illegally, but rather looked at the impact of their tax strategies.  TaxWatch estimated the seven companies had made £60.5bn in UK revenues over the 2021 tax year. The group then applied global profit margins to estimate that the firms had made £14.8bn in UK profits that year. Using a UK tax rate (19 per cent), this would mean the seven firms would have been liable to pay £2.8bn. However, by looking at the tax paid by UK subsidiaries, TaxWatch estimated that they…

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    E+T Magazine

  • Off-road solar-powered car completes 1,000km desert trip

    A solar-powered car has completed a 1,000km (620-mile) test drive across Morocco and the Sahara. Developers from Eindhoven University initially believed the vehicle, dubbed Stella Terra, would have a shorter range than the 550km it achieved on its maiden trip. The car started its journey in Morocco – where it travelled through dry riverbeds and forests, and along steep mountain trails – before it reached the Sahara. Image credit: STE Bart Van Overbeeke “It was an incredible trip with a positive ending,” said Wisse Bos, manager of Solar Team Eindhoven. “Stella Terra’s efficiency was hard to predict. That’s why we weren’t sure if we would make it on solar power. During the ride, Stella Terra turned out to use 30 per cent less energy than expected. We were able…

  • Government urged to adopt plan to boost engineering apprenticeships

    The five-point plan from Lord Knight and Lord Willetts, with support from charity EngineeringUK, was launched following an inquiry looking into the “worrying decline” in apprenticeships in recent years.  Despite a modest uptick in numbers last year, engineering-related apprenticeship starts in England are still 9 per cent lower than in 2014/15. The uptake varies by subject, but engineering and manufacturing technologies in particular have seen a 34 per cent decline. Lord Knight, who co-chaired the inquiry and is a former education minister for Labour, said: “Despite 20 years of reviews and reform, Britain is lagging behind our competitors in developing the skilled workforce we need to engineer a prosperous future.  “This failure to better link schools and skills wastes the great potential…

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    E+T Magazine

  • Nasa launches first mission to study a metal asteroid

    The  spacecraft will take six years to reach a metal-rich asteroid that could have been formed from the remains of an early planet’s core. The probe took off from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida inside the cargo bay of a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket. Its journey has been estimated to be 2.2 billion miles long (3.5 billion km), taking approximately six years.  The mission is expected to provide scientists with clues of the Earth’s formation.  “It’s long been humanity’s dream to go to the metal core of our Earth. I mean, ask [author] Jules Verne,” said lead scientist Lindy Elkins-Tanton, Arizona State University. “ The pressure is too high. The temperature is too high. The technology is impossible. But there’s one way in our solar system that we can look at a metal core and that is by…

  • Starlink’s satellite broadband service coming to 4G smartphones in 2025

    The Elon Musk-founded firm operates a constellation of over 3,000 satellites in low-Earth orbit that can provide a broadband data service to devices across the globe, including in areas that aren’t served by traditional radio towers. The newly-announced ‘Direct to Cell’ satellite phone service will launch next year ahead of plans to make it compatible with current 4G handsets by 2025. Direct to Cell satellites will initially be launched on Falcon 9 rockets flown by SpaceX, which is also owned by Elon Musk, and then Starship, its upcoming super heavy lift launch vehicle. Once in orbit, the satellites will connect over laser backhaul to the Starlink constellation to provide global connectivity. Peter Kibutu, advanced technology lead at satellite consultancy TTP, said: “Starlink continues…

  • Could the next pandemic be triggered by melting permafrost?

    The melting permafrost of Siberia exposed live anthrax spores in the remains of long-dead animals. What other possible triggers are there for another pandemic? The pandemic revealed a great deal about our weaknesses (and strengths) in the face of global disaster. As hospitals filled with the infected, frontline healthcare workers dressed in bin bags to treat patients, and we stood in the streets to clap and bang pots together in appreciation. Everyone who could stayed at home, missing birthdays and funerals. Rule-breakers were held up like compromised ants before the rest of the colony.  The Covid outbreak showed us the best in ourselves – but it also tested our sense of justice. We agreed to follow the rules, but with the proviso that, in doing so, we would eventually be allowed to take…

  • Melted lunar dust could pave streets on the Moon

    Dust is one of the main challenges faced by astronauts and spacecraft on the Moon: it erodes space suits, clogs machinery, interferes with scientific instruments and makes moving around difficult. However, p aving the lunar surface could help to address this problem. “You might think: ‘Streets on the moon, who needs that?’” said Professor Jens Günster, a co-author of the report. “But [...] it’s very loose material, there’s no atmosphere, gravity is weak, so the dust gets everywhere. It contaminates not only your equipment but other nations’. No one would be happy to be covered in dust from another rocket.” For this reason, scientists have created a proof of concept demonstrating how lunar dust could be melted using a giant lens to create solid roads and landing areas.  The Aalen University…

  • Households face higher bills due to relaxation of climate targets, experts say

    Last month, Sunak reduced ambitions on a raft of green policies, including pushing back the ban on the sales of new petrol and diesel cars from 2030 to 2035; phasing out 80 per cent of new gas boilers, rather than all of them, by 2035; delaying the ban on off-grid oil boilers to 2035; pledging to not introduce new home energy efficiency regulations for landlords or homeowners; and ruling out taxes to discourage flying. The CCC said that electric vehicles (EVs) will be “significantly” cheaper than petrol and diesel vehicles to own and operate over their lifetimes, so the undermining of their roll-out will ultimately increase costs for consumers. However, it did find that the decision would only have a small direct impact on future emissions, due to a new mandate ensuring that 80 per cent…

  • UK regulators finally clear Microsoft’s $69bn takeover of Activision

    The UK watchdog initially blocked the acquisition over worries it would “alter the future of the fast-growing cloud gaming market”, leading to reduced innovation and fewer choices for UK gamers. In response, the company reworked the agreement, offering to sell Activision’s non-European streaming rights to Ubisoft Entertainment as a way to assuage the regulator’s concerns. Microsoft said its new proposal was a “substantially different transaction” to the one proposed in 2022. As a result of this concession, the CMA agreed to look afresh at the deal and launched a new investigation in August, which has now been concluded. It said the agreement will also help to ensure that cloud gaming providers will be able to use non-Windows operating systems for Activision content. “The CMA is resolute…

  • Britons throw away nearly half a billion ‘fast tech’ items annually, research shows

    According to Material Focus, around 471 million ‘fast tech’ items were binned in the past year, with an average cost of around £4 per item. But while many of the items are perceived to be disposable, even low-cost electricals contain precious materials such as gold, aluminium and lithium, which should be recycled instead of sent to landfill, the campaign group said. Annual spend on fast tech reportedly passed the £2.8bn mark for the first time in 2023 and there are over 100,000 tonnes of waste electricals thrown away yearly.  Material Focus said the study has been released in a bid to raise awareness of the issue and encourage people to donate or recycle anything with a plug, battery or cable.  The research also shows that the UK’s consumption of fast tech is expected to outstrip fast…

  • Gadgets review: Acer’s e-assist bike, EZVIZ PS300 Portable Power Station and more

    Haloo Revolve Image credit: Haloo £549.99 This gas-fired garden pizza oven heats up the pizza stone to 500°C and, unusually, the 13in stone slowly revolves for more even cooking. The design is simple and innovative, with a detachable, battery-powered motor. https://haloobrands.com/pages/revolve-pizza-oven Acer ebii Image credit: Acer Around €2,499 Acer’s first-ever e-assist bike uses artificial intelligence to adapt to riding conditions, pedalling power, route and rider preferences. Maintenance is minimalised, thanks to the no-rust carbon belt drive and airless tyres that can’t puncture. It also alerts you to potential collisions...

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    E+T Magazine

  • BT launches first drone SIM in the UK

    BT Group has unveiled the UK’s first Drone SIM, with the goal of tapping into the true potential of beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) drone operations. The SIM has been designed to function at high altitudes and under difficult weather conditions, as it is expected to be used in emergency situations such as search and rescue. Other uses include delivery of medical supplies and infrastructure inspection.  The SIM will use the EE network and offer unlimited data plans and continuous connectivity in the sky. The product represents a “dramatic shift” from using local Wi-Fi or radio transmissions, enabling drones to travel significant distances while staying connected, according to BT.  It will also enable “high priority and ultra-responsive connectivity” and improved video-streaming quality…

  • Project watch: a look at Sizewell C and the Thames Tideway Tunnel

    Sizewell C The UK government has pledged a further £170m to speed up construction of the upcoming Sizewell C nuclear power plant. With the UK’s ageing fleet of eight nuclear power stations needing replacement, and only EDF’s Hinkley Point C undergoing construction, Sizewell C will play an important role in backing up renewable energy in the switch away from fossil fuels. It is anticipated it will provide 7 per cent of the UK’s electricity needs. The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero said the funding for Sizewell C would be used to prepare the site for future construction, procure key components from the project’s supply chain and expand its workforce. The funding announcement came as Great British Nuclear was launched, a public body established to help deliver the UK’s nuclear…

  • World’s first hydrogen-powered gas turbine run by European consortium

    The Hyflexpower consortium has successfully adapted a combustion system of a Siemens Energy SGT-400 gas turbine for hydrogen.  The consortium was formed by Britain’s Centrax, French energy company Engie, the German Aerospace Center, Siemens Energy and European universities, with financial support from the EU. The test was carried out at a Smurfit Kappa paper packaging factory near the French city of Limoges.  The process was compared to replacing the carburettor of an internal combustion car engine by Engie vice president Frank Lacroix. “We’ve just achieved a world first, which involves injecting 100 per cent hydrogen into a gas turbine to produce electricity,” he told reporters. Green h ydrogen is a versatile, storable, potentially zero-carbon fuel source that has been hailed as a…

  • Cutting methane emissions ‘essential’ to achieve climate targets, IEA says

    The agency has highlighted the importance of reducing methane emissions – something now possible due to new a nd affordable technologies.  The organisation has published a report named The imperative of cutting methane from fossil fuels. The document shows that, while a drop in fossil fuel demand would cut methane emissions, these reductions by themselves would not occur fast enough to meet the world’s climate goals.  For this reason, its authors called for additional targeted actions to tackle methane emissions from fossil fuel production and use to be implemented. These could include eliminating routine venting and flaring and repairing leaks. Methane is far less abundant in the atmosphere than CO 2  but is responsible for around 30 per cent of the global rise in temperatures to date…

  • UK installs 50,000th electric vehicle charger

    The country’s 50,000th charging device to be installed is an ultra-rapid device at a service station in Weston-super-Mare. The 40,000th EV charger was installed in February 2023, meaning the speed at which the UK is now deploying EV charging infrastructure has significantly increased. In contrast, a full year passed for the previous 10,000 chargers to be installed (February 2022 to February 2023). The news has been celebrated as a huge milestone in the country’s target of installing 300,000 chargepoints by 2030.  “Hitting 50,000 public charging devices is a really important milestone for the country and illustrates the sea change behind the increased rate of chargepoint installations,” said Melanie Shufflebotham, chief operating officer at Zapmap. “Having passed 40,000 chargepoints in…

  • Fintech brings banking to the unbanked in developing countries

    Challenger banks are potential game-changers in raising the levels of financial inclusion in the emerging economies of Africa and Asia. They exploit digital technology – in particular the smartphone – to increase the penetration of financial products and services in remote areas. The uptake of general-purpose technologies such as smartphones and internet connection could have a significant impact on global poverty. According to the guidelines set out in the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation’s financial inclusion initiatives, traditional financial organisations do not adequately serve the poor rural communities in emerging economies. In fact, in the eight vast and largely undeveloped countries – Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Tanzania and Uganda – covered in a recent…

  • Scientists to assess radioactivity of ocean water samples near Fukushima

    In 2011, a massive earthquake off the coast of Japan resulted in a tsunami that wrecked the facility beyond repair. Since then, the plant has been producing around 100m³ of contaminated water as part of efforts to keep the reactors cool since the meltdown. In the following 12 years, the plant’s operator Tokyo Electric Power Company (Tepco) has accumulated 1.34 million tonnes of water – enough to fill 500 Olympic-size pools – but has run out of storage space. Japanese authorities subsequently agreed to begin releasing some of the plant’s treated wastewater into the Pacific Ocean, much to the chagrin of Chinese authorities, who expressed concern over its environmental impact and banned Japanese seafood as a result. But Tepco has been filtering the contaminated water to remove most of the…

  • ‘Modular’ dam system cuts cost of renewable energy storage

    Developed by the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in the US, the dam has been designed as an energy storage facility that can help to balance loads on the grid. The method, known as closed-loop pumped storage hydropower (PSH), uses off-peak, surplus power to pump water from a lower-elevation reservoir to a higher-elevation one. During periods of high demand, the stored water is returned to the lower reservoir, driving turbines to produce electricity. Although the losses from the pumping process mean it consumes more energy than it generates, it can provide energy during times of peak demand and can be used to store intermittent renewables such as solar and wind power. Image credit: Courtesy Of Swri “PSH accounts for approximately 95 per cent of all energy…

  • California passes Delete Act to protect residents' data privacy

    The Delete Act ( SB 362) has been signed into law by California governor Gavin Newsom, as part of an effort to protect citizens’ online rights. California residents need only make a single request to get all their data scrubbed from data brokers’ records. Previously, residents could still request that their data was deleted, but they were forced to submit a request to individual companies to achieve it.  In order to make the new requirements possible, the legislation also mandates that all data brokers register with the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA), which would create a single form for residents to request that their data is deleted. Data brokers are companies that gather and sell people's personal information, such as address, age or marital status. They include credit…

  • Global warming has cost £13m an hour, researchers find

    New Zealand researchers have measured the economic costs of extreme weather events linked to climate change. Their research has found that these occurrences have caused at least $2.8tn (£2.3tn) in damage over the past 20 years, The Guardian has reported. Although the figures vary drastically year-on-year, the scientists found that s torms, floods, heatwaves and droughts have resulted in an average cost  of $140bn (£115bn) a year from 2000 to 2019. The latest data shows $280bn in costs in 2022. The researchers obtained this figure by c ombining data on how much global heating worsened extreme weather events with economic data on losses. Two-thirds of the damage costs were related to the loss of life, while a third was due to property and other assets being destroyed. The study also found…

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