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BAE Systems proposes £4.4bn takeover of spacecraft maker Ball Aerospace

Ball Aerospace has manufactured spacecraft including contracts with Nasa, while also producing components and instruments for national defence projects. It previously worked on optics and mirror systems for Nasa’s James Webb Space Telescope , which entered service last year. BAE, which is one of the UK’s largest arms producers, said the purchase was “aligned with the US Intelligence Community and Department of Defense’s highest priorities”. It has enjoyed bumper profits in recent months due to a raft of new orders in the wake of the Ukraine war. Ball Aerospace is headquartered in Colorado, with more than 5,200 employees, of whom over 60 per cent hold US security clearances. It has built defence technologies including laser communication systems to link infantry and drones via satellite…

E+T Magazine
Cheaper green hydrogen production made possible with ‘thermochemical’ method

Green h ydrogen is a versatile, storable, potentially zero-carbon fuel source that has been hailed as a solution for countries to reach their net zero targets. It produces just heat and water as by-products when burned or used in fuel cells, making it a highly attractive alternative to fossil fuels. Traditionally, green hydrogen is produced through gas electrolysis, using electricity to split molecules of water into hydrogen and oxygen gas. In contrast, the Colorado team’s ‘thermochemical’ approach uses heat generated by solar rays to complete those same chemical reactions. In the new study , the researchers demonstrated that they can leverage iron-aluminate materials to conduct these reactions at elevated pressures, allowing the team to more than double its production of hydrogen. The…

E+T Magazine in Renewable Energy
EDF launches consultation on 400MW onshore wind farm in Scottish Borders

Liddesdale wind farm will be located within Wauchope Forest and Newcastleton Forest and could consist of up to 80 wind turbines, with a battery storage system and solar development on the site. The site is expected to power up to 231,000 homes. EDF has said it will deliver a community benefit fund of £5,000 per megawatt of installed capacity annually to local communities. Residents have been invited to meet the project team and discuss the proposals while it is still in the initial stages of development. Government policies over the last decade have hampered the roll-out of onshore wind power in the UK. In 2016, David Cameron instituted an effective ban on the infrastructure after pressure from Conservative MPs, who worried about the impact of wind turbine damage on rural communities…

E+T Magazine in Renewable Energy
Catalyst-coated lampshades could serve as indoor air purifiers, researchers find

The lampshades target volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which account for most indoor airborne pollutants, including acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. These compounds are released by paints, cleaners, air fresheners, plastics, furniture and cooking. The invention works with halogen and incandescent light bulbs, and the team is extending the technology so it will also be compatible with LEDs, the researchers said. “Although the concentration of VOCs in a home or office is low, people spend more than 90 per cent of their time indoors, so the exposure adds up over time,” said Hyoung-il Kim, the project’s principal investigator. In the past, co nventional methods to remove VOCs from indoor air have relied on activated carbon or other filters, which have to be replaced periodically. Other…

E+T Magazine in Research and Innovation
High-gain antenna brings superior data rates to Nasa’s Europa Clipper probe

Once at its destination, Europa will use the antenna to continue communicating with Nasa, which will be roughly 444 million miles away. The spacecraft is designed to seek out conditions suitable for life on an ice-covered moon of Jupiter. Europa has the smoothest surface of any known solid object in the solar system, which has led scientists to hypothesise that a water ocean exists beneath the icy surface, conceivably harbouring extraterrestrial life. The massive, dish-shaped high-gain antenna stretches 3m across the spacecraft’s body and is the largest and most prominent of its suite of antennas. Once the spacecraft reaches Jupiter, the antenna’s radio beam will be narrowly directed towards Earth. High-gain antennas are designed to create narrow beams by focusing their power, allowing…

E+T Magazine in Space
Badly-built e-bike chargers causing rising amount of fires, brigade warns

The London Fire Brigade (LFB) has revealed that almost 40 per cent of e-bike fires are caused by conversion kits. The news follows the publication of Electrical Safety First’s Battery breakdown report , in which the organisation called for a ban on universal chargers for e-bike and e-scooters, stating they could increase the likelihood of catastrophic lithium-ion battery fires. The charity warned that there is an increasing amount of people using chargers that are not compatible with the voltage of their e-bikes, which could prompt a self-heating chemical reaction called thermal runway. This year there have been three deaths in London from battery fires. Moreover, in 2023 alone, LFB recorded 93 e-bike and 18 e-scooter fires – averaging one every two days. “It’s approaching about…

E+T Magazine in Power Conversion
New York could build 300,000 units in 10 years with six new policies, report finds

The authors of a new RAND Corporation report on New York housing affordability have stressed the need to the supply of housing in the city. They have identified six policies that could spark the production of roughly 300,000 additional new housing units over a decade. The policies include increasing allowable building density in strategic areas, streamlining building approval processes, reforming liability rules for construction sites, and introducing incentives to encourage conversion of office buildings to residential uses. The additional housing units would represent a more than 160 per cent increase over recent annual housing production levels in the city, according to the report. The authors said the surge in housing supply was likely to lead to increased affordability through…

E+T Magazine
First train from Southeastern’s £27m fleet revamp begins passenger service

Passengers will enjoy LED lighting, USB charging, a new live information system and a refurbished interior. The Class 395 high-speed fleet travels at 140mph and connects London St Pancras International with Ashford, East Kent and Medway. Unit 395012, which has a distinctive rainbow painted on the side, entered the train operator’s Ashford train maintenance depot on 12 June to have interior refresh work carried out, and emerged from the workshops today. It will be followed by another 28 trains over the coming months. The revamp will also include an upgraded CCTV system and energy meters designed to help Southeastern reduce its energy and environmental impact. This upgrade is being carried out in partnership with Hitachi Rail and Eversholt Rail. According to a survey from Transport…

E+T Magazine in Railways
Pink Floyd song reconstructed from recorded brain activity

The phrase ‘All in all, it’s just another brick in the wall’ comes through in the audio file, marking the first time researchers have reconstructed a recognisable song from brain recordings. To achieve this, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, captured the electrical activity recorded by 2,668 electrodes placed on 29 patients’ brains while they listened to the 1979 rock song and used nonlinear modelling to reconstruct it. The findings could potentially be used to improve devices help people with speech difficulties. “It's a wonderful result,” said Robert Knight, a neurologist and UC Berkeley professor of psychology. “As this whole field of brain-machine interfaces progresses, this gives you a way to add musicality to future brain implants for people who need it,…

E+T Magazine in Research and Innovation
Next-gen paint lowers building emissions by reducing cooling and heating need

Space heating and cooling accounts for about 13 per cent of global energy use and about 11 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions. The new paints, developed by Stanford University scientists, reduced the energy used for heating by about 36 per cent and for cooling by almost 21 per cent. In simulations of a typical mid-rise apartment building in different climate zones across the US, the use of the new paint on exterior walls and roofs meant total heating, ventilation and air conditioning energy use declined 7.4 per cent over the course of a year. “Energy and emissions from heating are forecast to continue to fall due to energy efficiency gains, but air conditioning use is rising, especially in developing economies in a warming world,” said Yi Cui, the study’s senior author. “For both heating…

E+T Magazine in Research and Innovation
Record number of solar panels and heat pumps installed in UK homes

More UK homes than ever are turning to low-carbon technology, with the country on track to install certified renewable technologies in nearly a quarter of a million homes, according to a report by MCS, the official standards body for renewable technologies. The body has found that, in the first half of 2023, more than 120,000 certified installations of heat pumps , solar panels and other renewable technologies occurred – a 62 per cent increase from the same period last year. This year is also the first to average more than 20,000 solar panel installations and over 3,000 heat pump installations per month. When looking at battery technology installations, each month has been breaking the previous month’s record, bringing the total number of batteries installed in homes and businesses…

E+T Magazine in Renewable Energy
Rocket Lab to launch two Nasa satellites monitoring climate change

Two dedicated PREFIRE ( Polar Radiant Energy in the Far-InfraRed Experiment) missions will use the firm’s Electron rocket to deploy one small satellite each to a 525km orbit. The two 6U CubeSats will have a baseline mission length of 10 months. Electron is a two-stage, partially recoverable orbital launch vehicle that has been in use since 2017. Although the rocket was designed to be expendable, Rocket Lab has recovered the first stage twice and is working towards the capability of reusing the booster. The two satellites will be equipped with a thermal infrared spectrometer to compare the data with conditions in cloud cover and sea ice levels below. Analysis of the measurements obtained by the satellites will inform climate and ice models, providing better projections of how a warming…

E+T Magazine in Space
Nearly 34,000 children groomed in wait for Online Safety Bill – NSPCC

The charity urged tech companies to accept the new legislation, rather than fight it, in an effort to protect children online. It added that 73 per cent of crimes were linked to Snapchat or Meta, and one in four online grooming crimes in the last five years were against primary school children. The much-delayed Online Safety Bill has been presented by the government as a ground-breaking law that will target online racism, sexual abuse, bullying, fraud and other harmful material often found on the internet. In its original form, the bill gave regulators wide-ranging powers to sanction digital and social media companies such as Google, Facebook, Twitter and TikTok. However, it has been significantly watered down in revisions over the past year. MPs and Lords are expected to make the final…

E+T Magazine in STEM Education and Skills
Self-driving cars could slow down traffic, study finds

A team at North Carolina State University ran a series of simulations to investigate the impact of the widespread use of autonomous vehicles in cities. The researchers found that although connected vehicles – which share data with each other wirelessly – significantly improve travel time through intersections, automated vehicles’ focus on safety leads them to slow down when not connected to other cars. “There are two significant reasons that people are interested in automated vehicles – improving passenger safety and reducing travel time,” said Ali Hajbabaie, associate professor of civil, construction and environmental engineering at North Carolina State University. “There is a lot of research showing that automated vehicles can improve safety. But our research here – which relies on…

E+T Magazine in Road transport systems
UK space project to tackle air pollution in Singapore

The Space South Central project will focus on monitoring air pollution and atmospheric weather forecasting in Singapore. The initiative will be led by the University of Surrey, which will work with Singaporean researchers to develop instrumentation that can obtain data from very low Earth orbit and broaden understanding of the challenges and impact presented by climate change. Global climate change is a national priority for Singapore. The nation is often impacted by high levels of air pollution, particularly when wildfires in neighbouring countries cause haze. In addition, Singapore’s growing population and economy are putting pressure on the water supply, which is vulnerable to climate change. The University of Surrey’s Dr William Lovegrove said: “We are thrilled to have been awarded…

E+T Magazine in Space
Ancient ceramic water drainage system uncovered in China

The infrastructure, which was found at the Chinese walled site of Pingliangtai, was created during the Longshan period about 4,000 years ago. “The discovery of this ceramic water pipe network is remarkable because the people of Pingliangtai were able to build and maintain this advanced water management system with stone-age tools and without the organisation of a central power structure,” said Dr Yijie Zhuang of University College London (UCL), corresponding author on the paper. “This system would have required a significant level of community-wide planning and coordination, and it was all done communally.” The ceramic water pipes make up what is thought to be the oldest complete drainage system ever discovered in China. Made by interconnecting individual segments, the water pipes run…

E+T Magazine in History of Engineering
US grants $1.2bn for tech to vacuum carbon out of air

The US government has announced it will invest $1.2bn (£945m) in two direct air capture (DAC) projects to pull carbon dioxide from the air. The two facilities will be located in Texas and Louisiana, and each aims to eliminate 1 million tons of carbon dioxide per year – the equivalent in total to the annual emissions of 445,000 gas-powered cars. The Texas facility will be built by oil company Occidental Petroleum, while the Louisiana hub is being driven by applied science group Battelle in cooperation with technology developers Climeworks and Heirloom. “Cutting back on our carbon emissions alone won’t reverse the growing impacts of climate change,” energy secretary Jennifer Granholm said in the statement. “We need to remove the CO 2 we’ve already put in the atmosphere.” Granholm described…

E+T Magazine in Climate Change
Somerset acquires 800,000-litre tank to store sewer water during heavy rains

Construction teams will begin upgrading a water recycling centre just outside North Petherton this month, which will see updated equipment treating excess water flowing through the system. The work, undertaken by Wessex Water, will allow more than 800,000 litres of sewer water to be housed in an underground tank. The increased storage will operate automatically to help reduce the number of storm overflows. The storage will be housed below ground on land next to the centre and will keep more mixed rain run-off and wastewater in the tank at the centre before it is treated and safely returned to the environment. The project is expected to take around 10 months to complete. Earlier this year, a major incident was declared in Somerset after heavy thunderstorms caused severe flash floods and…

E+T Magazine in Water Supply
Sustainable, edible ‘squid rings’ 3D-printed with microalgae ink

Due to unsustainable fishing and aquaculture practices, there is a rising demand for mock seafood options that are better for the environment. Some firms, such as Singapore’s Shiok Meats, want to launch shrimp meat based on cells grown in a lab. But a team from the National University of Singapore is taking a different approach by creating an entirely plant-based alternative. “I think it’s imminent that the seafood supply could be very limited in the future,” said graduate student Poornima Vijayan, presenting the work at a meeting of the American Chemical Society. “We need to be prepared from an alternative protein point of view, especially here in Singapore, where over 90 per cent of the fish is imported.” It has proved difficult to mimic the flavour of seafood from plants and achieve…

E+T Magazine in Sustainable Development
Government platform offers British businesses decarbonisation advice

The initiative offers guidance on how to cut costs and reduce carbon emissions for the country’s small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The platform provides a complimentary carbon calculator and lists ways to reduce a company’s environmental impact, including procuring items from eco-friendly suppliers, cutting freight emissions and implementing cost-efficient strategies for installing solar panels and electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. SMEs currently account for 99 per cent of all UK private businesses. According to the Carbon Trust, the average SME generates around 15 tonnes of CO2 annually, yet research from Lloyds Bank has found that over three-quarters (77 per cent) of them do not have a business strategy to reduce their carbon footprint in the next three years. “The…

E+T Magazine in Sustainable Development
Insects converted into biodegradable plastic with new process

A team from Texas A&M University have been utilising waste products left over from farming black soldier flies. The larvae of these flies contain many proteins and other nutritious compounds, so the immature insects are increasingly being raised for animal feed and to consume waste. However, the adults have a short life span after their breeding days are over and are quickly discarded. The adult carcasses are being used as a new starting material for the researchers, especially as they contain chitin, a polymer chain with numerous uses. “We’re taking something that’s quite literally garbage and making something useful out of it,” said Cassidy Tibbetts, a graduate student working on the project. This nontoxic, biodegradable, sugar-based polymer strengthens the shell, or exoskeleton, of…

E+T Magazine in Biotechnology
IBM presents ‘brain-like’ chip for more environmentally-friendly AI tools

IBM Research has unveiled a prototype of an analogue AI chip that demonstrates remarkable efficiency and accuracy in performing complex computations for deep neural networks (DNNs). The new design aims to address concerns regarding the carbon emissions associated with the large number of computers needed to power AI systems, as well as extend the life of smartphones. The chip's efficiency is down to components that work in a similar way to connections in human brains, according to IBM. The 14nm CMOS IC is composed of 64 analogue in-memory computing tiles, each with a 256 x 256 crossbar array of synaptic unit cells. This allows the semiconductor to stores weights locally as analogue levels as conductance in phase-change memory, and implements analogue multiply-accumulate calculation…

E+T Magazine in Research and Innovation
India passes data protection bill despite activists’ concerns

The upper house of the Indian parliament has granted its approval to the long-delayed legislation, which will give the government greater control over how Big Tech companies process user data. The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill allows companies to transfer some user data abroad and imposes penalties on companies for breaches in data security. The law will also allow the government to seek information from firms and issue directions to block content on the advice of a data protection board appointed by the federal government. Under the new rules, firms will also be banned from processing personal data that could negatively impact a child’s wellbeing. In addition, the law will require parental consent for processing the personal data of children and force companies to delete user…

E+T Magazine in Ethical Aspects
Surge in oil demand expected to falter in 2024 as global economy weakens

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), strong demand for summer air travel, increased oil use in power generation and surging Chinese petrochemical activity has put pressure on oil supplies this summer – with China accounting for more than 70 per cent of growth. But with the post-pandemic rebound running out of steam, lacklustre economic conditions, tighter efficiency standards and new electric vehicles weighing on use, growth is forecast to slow in 2024. “The global economic outlook remains challenging in the face of soaring interest rates and tighter bank credit, squeezing businesses that are already having to cope with sluggish manufacturing and trade,” the IEA said. Nevertheless, the surge in demand is expected to continue in the coming months. Despite recent increases…

E+T Magazine in Fossil Fuels

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