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Calvin Asks: Can an academic be deemed to plagiarise questions from an exam paper previously set by someone else?

In setting an exam paper, can an academic be deemed to ‘plagiarise’ (i.e. claiming attribution for a work they did not author OR using someone else’s work without prior attribution) questions from another exam paper previously set by someone else on the same subject;

If the answer is NO: If ‘plagiarism’ is not the right term to describe copying by academics in exam paper situations, should the fact that exam questions were copied to a significant degree render the exam void?

If the answer is YES: If an academic can be deemed to ‘plagiarise’ an exam paper in a significant and material way, would this render the exam void?


A bit of background:


A 2014/2015 Electronic Engineering exam paper was set by Academic A, and it was the last exam paper they set as a lecturer at University X before they left for another organisation.


The 2017/2018 Electronic Engineering exam was the exam that I sat for, and it was set by Academic B. The syllabus Academic B taught contained many differences to the syllabus taught by Academic A.


Each exam paper was set by one person only.


I and my classmates believe that Q5 of the 2017/2018 exam plagiarised Q4 of the 2014/2015 exam in its entirety. The only difference is section (a), a minor section. Besides this, the solutions are identical.


We also believe that Q2 of the 2017/2018 exam plagiarised Q5 of the 2014/2015 exam, besides section (a), a minor section, and the only difference is that Q2 was reformatted.


I appreciate that community members cannot review the specifics of these exam questions, but I would still appreciate it if you could analyse this situation generally.


So far, despite having access to both papers, University X has completely refused to answer the allegation of copying and/or plagiarism at both the initial informal level (when many of my classmates taking the module complained about the exam paper and the Faculty held a student feedback meeting), and also at the formal complaints level (though the University’s own complaints procedure). This is despite the fact that the University’s own Code of Practice for Assessment and Feedback (2017/18) requires lecturers to “Rewrite/modify the assessment task each time the course is taught.”


The university could technically argue (but has not done so yet) that as it owns the copyright to the exam papers, it cannot (through one of its employees) plagiarise itself. However, though copyright infringement and plagiarism are similar in some aspects, they are distinctly different. While plagiarism is an offence against the author, copyright infringement is an offence against the copyright holder.


Unfortunately, I have not been able to find any precedent on plagiarism by academics in examination contexts as opposed to students and your comment would help to us fairly apply academic integrity to all.


One might ask why a student would be unhappy about a past year exam question (which had published solutions available online) appearing in a current exam. The answer is that Academic B never referenced past exam papers not set by them, the syllabus was very different, and Q5 was completely unattemptable as it was not covered in the syllabus. Besides, it would be hypocrisy if students were penalised for plagiarism, but not academics setting exams.


If you are able to comment on this and allow me to quote your comment, particularly in a submission to the Office of the Independent Adjudicator, I would be extremely grateful as it will go a significant way towards encouraging University X to face this issue, rather than dodging it as they have been doing at present. I and my classmates wish University X had been willing to face the issue internally, rather than claiming academic discretion and that 3 out of 5 questions in the exam were still answerable.


Thank you sincerely for taking the time to read this. I will be very appreciative of any insights.


Uni Student - UK


 
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  • I think you're asking the wrong question. If I've read this right, the question you are actually asking is: "Is it ok for an academic to set questions which are not related to the subject they taught?" To which the answer is, it depends how unrelated they are. And the answer would be, if the questions so still relate directly to the syllabus, and the university have given you the syllabus, then that's fair enough. 


    What you've learned here is a critical part of university education - it's up to you to make sure that you've learned enough to answer any questions on the syllabus. Engineering courses are often pretty bad at getting this point over (and have been forever). Arts and humanities courses I think tend to be much better at this - at the better universities at least students get the idea pretty quickly that some exam questions could bear little or no relation to the lectures, the student is supposed to have taken those as a starting point and read around the subject. That said, in engineering lectures and tutorials should give you the opportunity to know how to learn the syllabus, and if they don't then it's fair enough to kick up a fuss.


    Back to the question you did ask: no, it's not plagiarism to reuse exam materials, it's common sense to do so: it's hard writing good exam questions so it's a waste not to reuse them occasionally. And equally every lecturer will teach the same material a slightly different way, perhaps focusing on their own particular areas of interest.


    So (this is the good bit) now you have to take the information you've been given, and absolutely any other information you can find, and use that to solve the problem (the exam question). And that's what engineering is all about!


    Sorry this is all sounding a bit Grumpy Old Engineer (and, by the way, I am not a lecturer), but it's really really important - you cannot be trained to be a professional engineer, because every problem you face will be completely different to the last. It's vital that at university you learn to be able to make at least a half decent attempt at solving any problem that's thrown at you in the areas you are studying, even if it hasn't been fully shown to you before.


    I do have sympathy, because university grades are important, and you may have learned very much the hard way. Hopefully this happened in your first year. But any grounds for complaint you could have would actually be that it hasn't been explained to you very well how the university learning and assessment process works - unless the questions were definitely off-syllabus.


    But at least you know now: keep checking the syllabus, and find every way you can of knowing every detail around each of the subject areas on it. The lecturers will be delighted that one of their students is actually showing an interest in their course!


    Good luck,


    Andy


Reply
  • I think you're asking the wrong question. If I've read this right, the question you are actually asking is: "Is it ok for an academic to set questions which are not related to the subject they taught?" To which the answer is, it depends how unrelated they are. And the answer would be, if the questions so still relate directly to the syllabus, and the university have given you the syllabus, then that's fair enough. 


    What you've learned here is a critical part of university education - it's up to you to make sure that you've learned enough to answer any questions on the syllabus. Engineering courses are often pretty bad at getting this point over (and have been forever). Arts and humanities courses I think tend to be much better at this - at the better universities at least students get the idea pretty quickly that some exam questions could bear little or no relation to the lectures, the student is supposed to have taken those as a starting point and read around the subject. That said, in engineering lectures and tutorials should give you the opportunity to know how to learn the syllabus, and if they don't then it's fair enough to kick up a fuss.


    Back to the question you did ask: no, it's not plagiarism to reuse exam materials, it's common sense to do so: it's hard writing good exam questions so it's a waste not to reuse them occasionally. And equally every lecturer will teach the same material a slightly different way, perhaps focusing on their own particular areas of interest.


    So (this is the good bit) now you have to take the information you've been given, and absolutely any other information you can find, and use that to solve the problem (the exam question). And that's what engineering is all about!


    Sorry this is all sounding a bit Grumpy Old Engineer (and, by the way, I am not a lecturer), but it's really really important - you cannot be trained to be a professional engineer, because every problem you face will be completely different to the last. It's vital that at university you learn to be able to make at least a half decent attempt at solving any problem that's thrown at you in the areas you are studying, even if it hasn't been fully shown to you before.


    I do have sympathy, because university grades are important, and you may have learned very much the hard way. Hopefully this happened in your first year. But any grounds for complaint you could have would actually be that it hasn't been explained to you very well how the university learning and assessment process works - unless the questions were definitely off-syllabus.


    But at least you know now: keep checking the syllabus, and find every way you can of knowing every detail around each of the subject areas on it. The lecturers will be delighted that one of their students is actually showing an interest in their course!


    Good luck,


    Andy


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