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Jump-starting a car made complicated?

How to start a car with a flat battery using jump leads. I have seen these directions in more than one user's handbook, across various makes.


Assuming both cars have negative battery earthing (not that I assume anything, especially if there is the likes of a Morris Minor involved):
  1. Connect positive of one car to the positive of the other.

  • Connect the negative of the car with the good battery to some convenient point on the engine block of the car with the flat battery. 


No explanation given of why do it this way. It works. But it is not exactly an easy instruction to remember if the handbook is not available. My guess is that the vast majority of motorists simply connect directly to both battery terminals, red to red and black to black, which works perfectly well in all circumstances.


So why connect to the engine block instead of the battery terminal?  I figured out that this might give a lower resistance path on the "jump" circuit by eliminating the resistance in the connection from the battery negative to the earthing point and providing a more-direct path to the starter motor. But this resistance would be very low any way - far less than the resistance in the jump leads.


Any better suggestions, anybody?
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  • Denis McMahon:




    Hydrogen gas explosion? Someone needs to go back and look at the chemistry. When you continue to drive current backwards through a fully-charged lead acid battery, the water content of the electrolyte is broken into hydrogen and oxygen, which is emitted, giving grounds for caution. A flat battery does not give off hydrogen.

     

    I agree that a well managed battery will not release much hydrogen however one with a faulty cell, the most likely failure mode, may well do so. If one cell has shorted attaching a good battery being charged by an alternator will push 10s of amps (maybe 100+) through the faulty battery overcharging the remaining cells. When the second engine starts this will add to the current. Depending how long this procedure takes (connect the leads, run the 'good' engine at fast idle or above for a few minutes, start the second engine and wait a minute to ensure it will continue to run, disconnect the leads) there is a risk of an explosive mixture being present. If a cell has gone high resistance due to cracking of the plate structure the charging current will be concentrated in a small area of the plates which will then effectively be overcharged and start to release hydrogen.

    The cracking problem was greatly accentuated with the move to maintenance free batteries. To reduce the water consumption/loss the alloying material for the lead was changed from antimony to calcium which had a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties.


    Best regards


    Roger
Reply

  • Denis McMahon:




    Hydrogen gas explosion? Someone needs to go back and look at the chemistry. When you continue to drive current backwards through a fully-charged lead acid battery, the water content of the electrolyte is broken into hydrogen and oxygen, which is emitted, giving grounds for caution. A flat battery does not give off hydrogen.

     

    I agree that a well managed battery will not release much hydrogen however one with a faulty cell, the most likely failure mode, may well do so. If one cell has shorted attaching a good battery being charged by an alternator will push 10s of amps (maybe 100+) through the faulty battery overcharging the remaining cells. When the second engine starts this will add to the current. Depending how long this procedure takes (connect the leads, run the 'good' engine at fast idle or above for a few minutes, start the second engine and wait a minute to ensure it will continue to run, disconnect the leads) there is a risk of an explosive mixture being present. If a cell has gone high resistance due to cracking of the plate structure the charging current will be concentrated in a small area of the plates which will then effectively be overcharged and start to release hydrogen.

    The cracking problem was greatly accentuated with the move to maintenance free batteries. To reduce the water consumption/loss the alloying material for the lead was changed from antimony to calcium which had a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties.


    Best regards


    Roger
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