Insulation is probably the best way to go for many of us, although the large variation is sizes, construction types and materials make this a ‘wet finger’ assertion. The ‘passivhaus’ should in principle be so well insulated that the heat generated by the occupants' bodies, the fridge freezer and cooking should keep the inside temperature above 18 degrees. Clearly, this also requires a heat exchanger to pre-warm incoming air as the complete draughtproofing would make the place very damp without forced ventilation.
Insulation is probably the best way to go for many of us, although the large variation is sizes, construction types and materials make this a ‘wet finger’ assertion. The ‘passivhaus’ should in principle be so well insulated that the heat generated by the occupants' bodies, the fridge freezer and cooking should keep the inside temperature above 18 degrees. Clearly, this also requires a heat exchanger to pre-warm incoming air as the complete draughtproofing would make the place very damp without forced ventilation.
