IMHO, the energy density of batteries is insufficient, but what will follow Li-ion? The physics may be a limiting step.

F1 has announced its global intent. If you believe them, they will go 100% sustainable by 2030. It's not so much the competition cars' fuel, but the whole business of flying and trucking around the world. They can afford it!

Even then, there is a limit to the amount of food waste and general waste that can be composted.

Human beings have been pretty good at solving problems for a few millenia.

I foresee (but probable beyond my lifetime) an era when liquid fuels are reserved for aviation and the military.

Traditional lithium ion is rapidly being displaced by lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO, or LFP).  The capacity is still slightly lower, but that's improving.  They have a longer life, are less flammable, and don't require any cobalt.

Solid state batteries exist, but I don't think they are ready for volume production yet.

Traditional lithium ion is rapidly being displaced by lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO, or LFP).  The capacity is still slightly lower, but that's improving.  They have a longer life, are less flammable, and don't require any cobalt.

Solid state batteries exist, but I don't think they are ready for volume production yet.