Hello All, While checking an EIC and comparing design values vs measured values, a few fundamental questions have been puzzling me and I would be grateful of any advice or comments. The installation is an embedded LV generator connected to the site 11kV ring via a 1.5MVA transformer. It’s a TN-S system with the N-E link at the transformer. The cables from the generator to the breaker panel are L=3x300, N=2x300, PE=1x240. The breaker panel is considered the point of connection and where Ipf and Ze were measured; Ipf=8.58kA and Ze=0.02Ohms. The calculated 3-phase symmetrical fault at the breaker panel (not including the generator contribution) was ~34kA (assuming a 250MVA fault level at 11kV) i.e. significantly higher that the measured Ipf. This lead me think that the actual fault level at 11kV must be much lower than 250MVA. On reflection, I’m thinking that the Ipf measurement is however a worst case measurement, as the meter only measures the impedance on the LV side of the transformer and the downstream cables i.e. assumes an ‘infinite source’ on the 11kV side, so the measured Ipf should be much higher than 8.58kA? Maybe the Ipf needs to be multiplied by 2, as the measurement was with a 1-phase meter? The On-Site Guide states that ‘For three-phase supplies, the maximum possible fault level will be approximately twice the single-phase to neutral value.’ Thinking about this multiply by 2 (a round-up of 1.732), while this may be an acceptable approximation for domestic installations, I don’t think it is for an installation like this. Simply doubling the measured L-N value assumes that L and N impedances are the same (they are not) and doesn’t allow for the additional transformer winding impedance for a phase-phase fault. My understanding is also that a 3-phase (symmetrical) fault is effectively a single-phase calculation, so doubt the accuracy of this x2 factor in this case. Could the discrepancies be due to meter inaccuracies at these low impedance readings e.g. a Ze measurement of 0.01Ohms vs 0.02Ohms has a significant impact on Ipf. Should the contractor be using a more specialist meter? Thanks.

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Ipf Measurement on a 3-phase system

Hello All,
While checking an EIC and comparing design values vs measured values, a few fundamental questions have been puzzling me and I would be grateful of any advice or comments.
The installation is an embedded LV generator connected to the site 11kV ring via a 1.5MVA transformer. It’s a TN-S system with the N-E link at the transformer. The cables from the generator to the breaker panel are L=3x300, N=2x300, PE=1x240. The breaker panel is considered the point of connection and where Ipf and Ze were measured; Ipf=8.58kA and Ze=0.02Ohms.

The calculated 3-phase symmetrical fault at the breaker panel (not including the generator contribution) was ~34kA (assuming a 250MVA fault level at 11kV) i.e. significantly higher that the measured Ipf. This lead me think that the actual fault level at 11kV must be much lower than 250MVA. On reflection, I’m thinking that the Ipf measurement is however a worst case measurement, as the meter only measures the impedance on the LV side of the transformer and the downstream cables i.e. assumes an ‘infinite source’ on the 11kV side, so the measured Ipf should be much higher than 8.58kA?

Maybe the Ipf needs to be multiplied by 2, as the measurement was with a 1-phase meter? The On-Site Guide states that ‘For three-phase supplies, the maximum possible fault level will be approximately twice the single-phase to neutral value.’ Thinking about this multiply by 2 (a round-up of 1.732), while this may be an acceptable approximation for domestic installations, I don’t think it is for an installation like this. Simply doubling the measured L-N value assumes that L and N impedances are the same (they are not) and doesn’t allow for the additional transformer winding impedance for a phase-phase fault. My understanding is also that a 3-phase (symmetrical) fault is effectively a single-phase calculation, so doubt the accuracy of this x2 factor in this case.

Could the discrepancies be due to meter inaccuracies at these low impedance readings e.g. a Ze measurement of 0.01Ohms vs 0.02Ohms has a significant impact on Ipf. Should the contractor be using a more specialist meter?

Thanks.

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0 Roger123 over 4 years ago

Thanks for your reply.

Correct - I am not considering here the generator cabling or generator fault contribution i.e. measuring from the breaker panel with the gen breaker open, back to the transformer.

The 250MVA is a worst case figure, but as the transformer is the predominant factor in fault current limitation, the grid value used doesn't impact significantly on the fault level seen at the breaker panel i.e. 250MVA fault power on 11kV side vs transformer fault power of ~30MVA (based on 5% impedance).

The cable run between the breaker panel and transformer is ~40m.
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0 Roger123 over 4 years ago

Thanks for your reply.

Correct - I am not considering here the generator cabling or generator fault contribution i.e. measuring from the breaker panel with the gen breaker open, back to the transformer.

The 250MVA is a worst case figure, but as the transformer is the predominant factor in fault current limitation, the grid value used doesn't impact significantly on the fault level seen at the breaker panel i.e. 250MVA fault power on 11kV side vs transformer fault power of ~30MVA (based on 5% impedance).

The cable run between the breaker panel and transformer is ~40m.
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Ipf Measurement on a 3-phase system

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