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TT Earthing Systems - Interest by New Zealand

Former Community Member
Former Community Member
I am the chair of a Standards NZ committee charged with the production of a technical report to the NZ regulator regarding the possible use of the TT earthing system in NZ.   Currently, NZ uses the MEN earthing system (as does Australia), being similar to the PME earthing system used in the UK but with an earth electrode being required in each electrical installation to assist in keeping the voltage to earth of the neutral conductor of the LV reticulation close to zero.   Otherwise the MEN system is TN-C-S and relies on the PEN conductor as a return path to clear earth faults by the operation of OCPDs.   The use of RCDs is now required for most sub-circuits to provide additional shock protection.  


As is well known, TN systems are not perfect and a broken or high impedance PEN conductor causes the livening of earthed and bonded surfaces, including the chassis of EVs when they are plugged in to EV charging equipment.   It is noted that the IET Wiring Rules do not permit the use of PME systems to supply EV charging equipment unless the voltage on earthed surfaces is held to a non-lethal value.  
 


Without going into further detail, the committee, in preparing a report, remains concerned about and seeks information on two possible problems.   


The first is how to attain at reasonable cost a TT earthing electrode system that does not exceed 100 ohms to earth in many NZ locations where the soil resistivity and the seasonal variation of this is high.   Does it cost a fortune to do this in the UK?    We have difficulty at many sites in reducing substation earthing mat and rod systems to less than 10 ohms and sometimes that is not achievable.




The second is how to be reasonably sure that the RCDs in any TT installation will be regularly tested every six months or so by the users of the installation?  RCDs are not perfect but are much more important safety devices when used in a TT installation than in a TN installation.   Therefore regular testing appears to be important to maintain safety.    With non-domestic installations this should not be a problem as their regular testing (by pushbutton) can be linked to annual building inspections or included in maintenance schedules.  However, how does the UK ensure - if it does - that the occupants of domestic TT installations regularly check the operation of their RCDs?   One sensible suggestion made by a committee member was that the regular RCD checking could be linked to the six-monthly call by our Fire and Emergency Service to check the batteries in fire alarms installed in houses.   That might prompt a few people to check their RCDs.    


 


Since I was intending to ask about the practicability of 100 ohm earth electrode systems in the UK, I thought that I should also enquire about the regular testing of RCDs in domestic installations.  


I should be grateful for any comments or suggestions.

 

P M R Browne BE(Elect) FIET FENZ

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  • 0
    It is a bit sweeping to say that all  TT installations in the UK are poor !

    I think it depends where you live and the general experience of the local 'sparks'. In areas with a lot of TT folk are more used to it. For example round here (Hants) there are plenty of stables where the stock is so valuable that anything less  than an absolutely 1st class installation is not even considered. This sort of sets the bar quite high for all electricians who have seen it, even when they are only doing  the more down market "value engineered"  jobs where a detached garage or caravan point on the side of a garden summer house is being set up as a TT island supplied from a PME house.

    Equally from the no. of times it comes up on this forum, there are clearly parts of the country where there is almost no TT experience at all, and on first encounters  folk get easily confused by it - I suspect that some very clear guidance will be needed for the first times this is introduced in a new country as is proposed here.


    In that case an NZ version of this sort of http://IET wiring Matters tutorial example  may be worth considering, although it could be improved by adding further clarifications  about how to achieve electrical separation from the house services, and the desirability of plastic pipes for outside taps near charge points and so on.  Even a length of a meter or so of plastic pipe in a metal section  is a very significant fault current limiter.


    Another article here


    (isolation of water pipes unofficially demonstrated  here  - the actual tests from about half way in)


Reply
  • 0
    It is a bit sweeping to say that all  TT installations in the UK are poor !

    I think it depends where you live and the general experience of the local 'sparks'. In areas with a lot of TT folk are more used to it. For example round here (Hants) there are plenty of stables where the stock is so valuable that anything less  than an absolutely 1st class installation is not even considered. This sort of sets the bar quite high for all electricians who have seen it, even when they are only doing  the more down market "value engineered"  jobs where a detached garage or caravan point on the side of a garden summer house is being set up as a TT island supplied from a PME house.

    Equally from the no. of times it comes up on this forum, there are clearly parts of the country where there is almost no TT experience at all, and on first encounters  folk get easily confused by it - I suspect that some very clear guidance will be needed for the first times this is introduced in a new country as is proposed here.


    In that case an NZ version of this sort of http://IET wiring Matters tutorial example  may be worth considering, although it could be improved by adding further clarifications  about how to achieve electrical separation from the house services, and the desirability of plastic pipes for outside taps near charge points and so on.  Even a length of a meter or so of plastic pipe in a metal section  is a very significant fault current limiter.


    Another article here


    (isolation of water pipes unofficially demonstrated  here  - the actual tests from about half way in)


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