• Goods beyond earth: cheaper manufacturing in space

    “In the zero gravity of space, we could manufacture in 30 days lifesaving medicines it would take 30 years to make on Earth. We can make crystals of exceptional purity to produce supercomputers, creating jobs, technologies and medical breakthroughs beyond anything we ever thought possible.” It is an exciting proposition. But these ambitious words were not spoken recently. They were part of Ronald Reagan’s 1985 State of the Union speech. At that point, Nasa had already spent over a decade conducting experiments to see if large-scale manufacturing plants could operate in space. “The idea was that the weightlessness of space could be used to make medicines in quantities and with purities that cannot be achieved with Earth’s gravity,” explains astronaut Charlie Walker, who joined the McDonnell…

  • E&T Innovation Awards 2022 finalists announced

    Last year’s E&T Innovation Awards were the first to incorporate the great societal challenges, E&T’s Critical Targets, with topics such as climate change, diversity, ethics and healthcare woven into the categories. It created an awards programme that was truly representative of the great objectives being faced and overcome by our most inspiring engineers and technologists, as reflected in the judges’ comments: “The winner was chosen for their pioneering healthcare technology, specifically for their innovative processing of data from a number of digital sources in order to offer a wide societal impact.” “A timely innovation with immense potential for positive, sustainable impact.” “An excellent example of new technology to lever quality, productivity, cost reduction, customer satisfaction…

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  • Sensors able to detect phone vibrations to ‘eavesdrop remotely’

    Using an off-the-shelf automotive radar sensor and a novel processing approach, a team of scientists has been able to "eavesdrop remotely" on other people's phone conversations.  The scientists demonstrated their technology in the 2022 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Symposium on Security and Privacy, with a view to warning against this possible security flaw. “As technology becomes more reliable and robust over time, the misuse of such sensing technologies by adversaries becomes probable,” doctoral candidate Suryoday Basak said. “Our demonstration of this kind of exploitation contributes to the pool of scientific literature that broadly says, ‘Hey! Automotive radars can be used to eavesdrop audio. We need to do something about this.’” In the ‘mmSpy’ demonstration…

  • Energy bill relief is welcome, but sustainable factories are still needed

    For UK businesses, the government’s announcement of the Energy Bill Relief Scheme provides a glimmer of hope that the coming winter may not be as bleak as many expected. Wholesale energy prices for all businesses will be cut by more than 50 per cent, in a bid by the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy to prevent insolvencies and protect jobs. The news comes not a moment too soon for UK manufacturing. Faced with soaring energy bills, almost one in six manufacturers described these costs as “business-threatening” in a survey released earlier in the month  by industry body Make UK. Many were already taking action, with some 13 per cent of respondents saying that their business had reduced production for short periods, or was avoiding producing altogether during periods…

  • Book review: ‘Wild Maps’by Mike Higgins

    The result of a quick Amazon search for ‘Atlas’ pops up with… more than 60,000 titles! Among them are countless atlases of the world and world history; railway and road atlases, school atlases etc., as well as less conventional ones, like ‘The Atlas of the Heart’, ‘The Phantom Atlas’ (myths, lies and blunders on maps), ‘The Sky Atlas’ and even ‘The Atlas of Tolkien’s Middle Earth’. Despite the constantly growing complexity of the atlas genre, its essence remains simple: a book with maps and charts. In this respect Mike Higgins' ‘Wild Maps’ (Granta, £20, ISBN 9781783787104) can pass for a classic specimen of the family: it contains dozens of colourful maps and charts which cannot fail to evoke interest among a very wide readership – from knowledge-hungry school kids to scientists and engineers…

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  • UK and US seek to undermine China's growing technological influence

    China is looking to use new and important technologies such as digital currencies and satellite systems to control its own population and increase its influence globally, the GCHQ has warned, following the US decision to limit its own technological exports to the Asian giant.  In a RUSI Security Lecture, t he head of the GCHQ, Sir Jeremy Fleming, is expected to say that while countries such as the UK seek to use new technology to enable prosperity, the Chinese government sees them as a “tool to gain advantage through control of their markets, of those in their sphere of influence and of their own citizens”. Fleming has already spoken against the security implications of relying on Chinese economic support, which it described as having "a lot of strings attached", such as the need to adopt…

  • Heathrow reclaims title of busiest airport in Europe

    Close to 5.8m passengers travelled through the West London airport during September. While this is still 15 per cent below 2019 levels, Heathrow recorded the busiest summer out of any European hub airport. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the number of flights taken worldwide during 2020 fell to levels not seen in decades. Heathrow reported a 72.2 per cent fall in passengers during the year compared to 2019. Passenger service levels, which had been higher than any European hub between January and June this year, dipped at the beginning of July as passenger demand started to exceed the aviation sector's overall capacity. This improved significantly after Heathrow introduced a departing passenger cap, which kept supply and demand in balance. But despite this year’s recovery, the airport…

  • Metrication: a matter of national identity

    It was not all that long ago that a unit of grain could differ almost from one village to the next. This worked in a smaller, pre-industrial world, or at least it worked well enough. In a world of cross-border trade and empirical scientific practice, it was no longer tenable. The Scientific Revolution brought about a new approach to science based on increasingly quantitative observations. An epistemological debate emerged about how we could measure nature, and hence comprehend it. There were many questions that needed answering – such as how to measure previously unmeasured quantities like heat – but perhaps the most important was the question of standardisation. The Scottish engineer James Watt proposed a standard decimal measurement system in 1783 in the hope of removing barriers to collaboration…

  • View from Washington: TSMC joins tech stock fall as markets mull Biden’s China tech crunch

    The share price of the world’s largest chipmaker, TSMC, dropped 6 per cent in early Taiwanese trading today (October 11) following last week’s release of the Biden administration’s latest and much broader restrictions on semiconductor exports to China, as markets reflected mounting concern over their potential impact on Sino-US technology trade. The new rules set sweeping prohibitions on the sale of both devices and fab tools for logic processes below 14nm, DRAM below 18nm and NAND memories with 128 or more layers. They specifically target military research, supercomputing, and artificial intelligence but export licences for other uses will be subject to a “presumption of denial.” That may make them almost impossible to get. One short-term exception – from now until April 2023 – covers…

  • UK manufacturing sector shrinks by nearly 10 per cent

    The number of manufacturing businesses in the United Kingdom fell from 270,000 at the start of 2021 to 244,140 a year on, contributing to concerns regarding the country's future financial stability.   The decrease in the number of companies in the sector can be attributed to the decreasing number of orders,  with output falling for the third month in a row in September 2022, and orders declining for a fourth consecutive month, according to an analysis from S&P Global.  In 2022, turnover in the sector fell by 9.2 per cent, decreasing from £636bn to £577bn, while the number of people employed in manufacturing dropped by 1.7 per cent compared to the previous year, official figures show.  In comparison, business numbers in the UK overall fell by 1.5 per cent over the same period, as rates…

  • Drivers of semi-automated vehicles regularly ignore safety guidance, US study finds

    The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) is an industry-funded group in the United States that aims to pressure carmakers to improve safety standards. In a new study, the IIHS found that regular users of Cadillac Super Cruise, Nissan/Infiniti ProPILOT Assist and Tesla Autopilot said they were more likely to perform non-driving-related activities like eating or texting while using their partial automation systems than while driving unassisted. In a survey of 600 active users, 53 per cent of Super Cruise users, 42 per cent of Autopilot users and 12 per cent of ProPILOT Assist users said that they were comfortable treating their vehicles as fully self-driving despite the fact that the features are not designed as such. Last year, two men being transported in a Tesla who were relying…

  • Five young women engineers shortlisted for national awards final

    These prestigious engineering industry awards celebrate women working in modern engineering – and aim to help change the perception that engineering is predominantly a career for men,   banishing the outdated engineering stereotypes of hard hats and dirty overalls. Pictured below, the five finalists are (L-R) are Lauren Smith (22), Ama Frimpong (32), Constance Rudman (22), Eneni Bambara-Abban (29) and Veena Kumari (27).   Image credit: IET   In more detail, the five professional young engineers are: Lauren Smith, a trainee medical engineer at United Lincolnshire Hospitals Trust. Smith is part of a team that ensures the proper function of medical devices within the healthcare setting and works to support the needs of clinical staff by repairing and managing…

  • Reversal of fortune in the electronics supply chain

    The supply-chain crunch of the past year quickly became so bad that some firms even bought other companies’ appliances to strip them for the specialised semiconductor components they contained. It was a situation the industry had not experienced in a quarter of a century. The years of sluggish economic growth since the 2008 crisis lured many into the false sense of security that the chipmaking sector could pretty much make whatever customers wanted. But, on the way out of the sudden Covid-lockdown slump, buyers were surprised that the industry was not in a position to fill gaps in their inventories. For long-term observers of the market, the supply crunch was not unprecedented but the resumption of normal behaviour. “Semiconductors was, is and will be a cyclical industry. At the same time…

  • How do we stop renewables failing us again?

    In recent weeks the UK government under new prime minister Liz Truss has confirmed that it will endeavour to urgently address energy continuity challenges both within the UK and across Europe. In doing so, it will be required to embrace critical issues that are rarely highlighted which face any long-term strategy to ensure security of supply across the UK; this all concurrent with achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. The latest government policy embraces the objectives of having 24GWe of nuclear generation by 2050 (by 2030 we can expect to have only the existing Sizewell B at 1.2GWe and the new Hinkley Point C at 3.2GWe) under a new nuclear directive body; quickly granting around a hundred new licences for extraction of gas and oil in the North Sea, and removing the current moratorium…

  • Biden signs order to implement EU-US data transfer framework

    The Privacy Shield is a European Union-United States data transfer framework that aims to ease European concerns regarding US surveillance practices.  The framework is expected to end the limbo in which thousands of companies found themselves after the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) struck down the two previous pacts over doubts regarding the safety of EU citizens' data that tech companies store in the US. The agreement is set to soften  the friction between the European Union's stringent data privacy rules and the comparatively lax regime in the US, which lacks a federal privacy law. The White House said "transatlantic data flows are critical to enabling the $7.1tn (£6.4tn) EU-US economic relationship" and the framework "will restore an important legal basis for transatlantic…

  • After All: Crashing out on the island of happy shipwrecks

    I am often asked what my favourite place in the world is; not an easy question for someone who has travelled in over 70 countries. The fact is that I have not one but a handful of favourite destinations, from Alaska and the Falklands to Tasmania and Montreuil-sur-Mer, a beautiful old town in the north of France. I am happy to say the recent expedition to the Scottish islands on MV Greg Mortimer - some aspects of which I have described in recent columns - added one more place to my favourites list: Fair Isle (population 60), situated roughly halfway between Shetland and the Orkneys. Nicknamed ‘the jewel in the ocean’, it is officially Britain’s most isolated island. One of the aims of my MV Greg Mortimer voyage was gathering material for my next book on Britain’s utopian (meaning ‘ideal…

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  • Energy blackouts this winter ‘extremely unlikely’, says Zahawi

    Speaking to Sky News yesterday, former chancellor of the exchequor Nadhim Zahawi said that while it is “only right that we plan for every scenario”, he did not expect the emergency plans to be put in motion. Last week, the National Grid ESO admitted that Russia’s invasion of Ukraine will likely see the UK facing a “challenging winter” with regards to its energy supplies. It raised the possibility of planned three-hour electricity blackouts that would see supplies cut off at peak times in order to ensure the grid does not collapse. These would be the UK’s first planned blackouts since the 1970s, when such emergency measures were instituted in response to the miners’ strikes of 1972 and 1974 and the OPEC oil crisis of 1973. Despite plans to close all of the UK’s unabated coal power by…

  • Global aviation industry sets 2050 net zero target

    Members of the United Nations' aviation agency have reached a "historic agreement" on a collective long-term aspirational goal of achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050.   Although not legally binding, the move brings countries into line with the goals of the aviation industry in making air travel more sustainable and reaching net zero by the middle of the century. “States’ adoption of this new long-term goal for decarbonised air transport, following the similar commitments from industry groups, will contribute importantly to the green innovation and implementation momentum, which must be accelerated over the coming decades to ultimately achieve emissions-free powered flight,” said Salvatore Sciacchitano, president of the ICAO Council.  UK Transport Secretary Anne-Marie Trevelyan…

  • View from India: Logistics carriers are economic lifeline of the country

    Developed by the Commerce and Industry Ministry, the goal of the National Logistics Policy (NLP) is to make the country a logistics powerhouse. The policy has four features: Integration of Digital System (IDS); Unified Logistics Interface Platform (ULIP); Ease of Logistics (ELOG); and System Improvement Group (SIG). IDS aims to integrate 30 different systems of seven departments. This includes data from the road transport, railways, customs, aviation and commerce departments. ULIP is expected to bring all digital services related to the transportation sector into a single portal. When it happens, it may free exporters from a host of cumbersome processes. Likewise, Ease of Logistics (ELOG) Services has been initiated for industry associations to resolve issues by reaching out to the government…

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  • Diesel engines retrofitted to run on 90 per cent hydrogen

    Engineers from UNSW Sydney have successfully converted a diesel engine to run as a hydrogen-diesel hybrid engine, reducing the CO2 emissions by more than 85 per cent in the process. The team, led by Professor Shawn Kook from the School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, spent around 18 months developing its 'Hydrogen-Diesel Direct Injection Dual-Fuel System' that means existing diesel engines could run using 90 per cent hydrogen as fuel. The researchers said that any diesel engine used in trucks and power equipment in the transport, agriculture and mining industries could ultimately be retrofitted to use the new hybrid system in just a couple of months. Green hydrogen, which is produced using clean renewable energy sources such as wind and solar, is much more environmentally…

  • View from Brussels: Privacy for privacy’s sake

    US President Joe Biden’s decision to sign an executive order on transatlantic data flows marked a significant leap forward in what has been a very complex and divisive issue for Brussels and Washington. In 2015, the Safe Harbor Privacy Principles were declared invalid by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in a case involving Facebook data. Its successor, the Privacy Shield, was set up in 2016 but was again struck down by the court in 2020. Earlier this year, the EU and Biden’s administration agreed to work together on the Trans-Atlantic Data Privacy Framework. The president’s executive order makes good on a number of the promises made under the initial agreement. For example, it creates a data protection review court within the Department of Justice. This will enable EU citizens to file…

  • Economic growth must not come at cost to the environment, National Trust says

    In the mini-budget announced in September, the government announced the creation of investment zones -  areas identified in England where planning rules will be loosened in order to release more land for commercial and housing developments. Other plans include a review of farming subsidies designed to encouraged better environmental practices from the sector. The National Trust said that many of the new proposals would get rid of “critical” nature protections that are “too easily dismissed as ‘red tape’”. It added that long-term economic growth should be rooted in green jobs, sustainable food production, clean energy and protected nature, heritage, and outdoor space. It said that while simplifying regulations was welcome, there is a difference between ‘red tape’ and crucial protections…

  • Sponsored: Using cloud-based power and building management to save time and costs

    The digitalisation of electrical distribution  and HVAC infrastructures has given facility teams the data, insights, and control needed to achieve these outcomes. But you may not have the budget needed for the required energy and power management  (EPMS) and building management (BMS) software and computing hardware, or the people and expertise to take full advantage of them. This can be especially difficult if your team is managing a large portfolio of buildings. Fortunately, a new breed of cloud-based EPMS and BMS applications can help you meet this challenge. Digitalise your buildings EPMS and BMS apps turn ‘big data’ from networked IoT-enabled devices into actionable insights for better-informed decisions, more responsive facility teams, and more effective automated actions. These apps…

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  • UK research at ‘significant risk’ from Brexit brain drain, scientists warn

    At least 22 UK-based scientists have decided to leave the United Kingdom, fearing that they would lose European funding amid stalling Brexit negotiations.  Scientists and engineers told Sky News the UK's position as a world leader in research is at risk from "significant brain drain", as top academics are giving up hope of the government negotiating membership of the Horizon Europe programme  and are preparing to leave the country. After three months without a Minister for Science, Liz Truss has now appointed Nusrat Ghani to the position. However, senior scientists and vice chancellors are warning that the government is no longer committed to a deal on associate membership of the EU research association. "Nobody told me I have to leave, but it wasn't a welcoming environment," said Moritz…