It's quite a wide subject - it's not entirely clear from the question whether you're interested in long distance transmission (e.g. 132-400kV on pylons), regional distribution (33kV & 11kV), local distribution (e.g. street) at 400/230V or in-building wiring (e.g. to the wall socket). Rather different techniques and methods are used in the different tiers.
There are a few common features across all though - cables can be underground or overhead; underground cables almost always have an earthed armour in the UK. I don't know much about the grid information/command/control systems - I'd suspect the detail of that sort of information might be sensitive (so as not to make it too easy for ner'do'wells to deliberately disrupt the grid).
