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Maximum sustained current perrmitted from 13 amp plug ?

This sounds an overly simplistic question, and the obvious answer is of course 13 amps. There is a clue in the name you know.


However in the case of a simple resistive load, the current will increase at a higher supply voltage. So at what voltage is the current measured for approval purposes ?

At 230 volts, the nominal or declared voltage ?

At 240 volts, the average voltage actually supplied most of the time in most places ?

Or at 253 volts, the maximum permitted. Or even at 256 volts the maximum achieved in an outbuilding with a bit of voltage rise due to grid tied PV on the roof.


The question has arisen due to a number of brand new "fast boiling" domestic electric kettles of reputable make failing a third party  PAT test due to "excessive current"


I repeated the test with my PAT tester and achieved a similar result, FAIL  in the premises in which they are to be used, but "pass" if tested elsewhere.

Tests with a variac and calibrated ammeter showed that a cold kettle on a 250 volt supply uses nearly 14 amps. just under 13 amps at 230 volts, both figures declining a little as the water starts to heat.

Had I done the original testing, I would have been inclined to use a little common sense and discretion and to pass an appliance that uses less than 10% overcurrent for a few minutes.

I would not pass an appliance such as a space heater that used even a slight overcurrent for hours at a time.


Wondered what others think.


And whilst we are on the subject, what about large portable air conditioners ? Available to hire fitted with 13 amp plugs, they appear to be a constant wattage load and use nearly 15 amps if the supply voltage is very low, and almost exactly 13 amps at 240 volts.
  • broadgage:

    It would appear that most appliance manufacturers take a similar view, as most new appliances are limited to about 10 amps, possibly due to warranty claims or adverse publicity about melted plugs.

    3Kw heaters are now hard to find as are 3Kw tumble dryers. 


    I think that it is more likely to be due to energy saving. IIRC, vacuum cleaners now have a statutory (EU) maximum power.


    Mind you, I was thinking about this when I was putting a plug on this afternoon. Those diddy little terminal screws seem very insubstantial.


  • I was not suggesting that one should operate the plug in any other way than its design. However, it is designed to work with a nominal 3kW load, such as a fire or kettle, and tested for said load. You will notice the use of the word "nominal". The fusing is intended to protect against loads which are faulty in some way and take significantly more current than the intended rating. That is the entire design criterion for electrical installations, and everyone ought to understand that, although some posts elsewhere clearly don't! We never expect a circuit to disconnect at its fuse or MCB rating, and this is expected from the usual time-current characteristics of the CPD. In the case of a 13A plug exactly the same applies, a small overcurrent will never disconnect via the fuse and is not a problem, particularly with a kettle which is never used continuously, and in fact cannot be by design. This means that the suggestion that these appliances are in any way faulty, or worse dangerous, is patently false. The IET code of practice does not mention the current as a test, or give any limit on the exact rating, it is not a PAT issue. Why is this not understood Broadgauge?


    I have over many years spent an inordinate amount of time explaining that cables do not immediately melt with overloads, that ring circuits never catch fire (unless some connection is loose!), that a cable running with a 50% on 50% off load once a minute will only ever reach half the calculated temperature rise, and that time is the most significant factor in diversity calculations. If my shower (12kW) has a 4mm2 cable, what will happen? I shower for 5 minutes and then it is off for 4 hours before it is used again. What is the cable maximum temperature? How hot does it get after my wife uses it for 15 minutes? Use the clipped direct ratings and resistance. If I have two of these showers in my house will the DNO fuse (100A) or even 60A, blow with showers as above at the same time? Just a little homework for the afflicted. This could be the most important lesson you will ever get. Just in case someone gets the wrong idea, I am not suggesting that the tabulated cable ratings should not be used for design, but the basis of them as continuous ratings should be understood, and the same with fuses and other CPDs.
  • I will answer another point Broadgauge, the appliance maximum power is less than it used to be because EU regulations are attempting "power saving" again. As for testers failing at 13A, what do they do with a 5W LED lamp? Do they still take 13A to issue a fail or do they know what was plugged in? Perhaps the 13A is because the tester cannot be CE marked if it has a 13A plug? Clearly another fools paradise.
  • Chris Pearson:
    broadgage:

    It would appear that most appliance manufacturers take a similar view, as most new appliances are limited to about 10 amps, possibly due to warranty claims or adverse publicity about melted plugs.

    3Kw heaters are now hard to find as are 3Kw tumble dryers. 


    I think that it is more likely to be due to energy saving. IIRC, vacuum cleaners now have a statutory (EU) maximum power.

     



    Or just marketing related - some countries traditionally rated their sockets at just 10A - so if you want to sell basically the same appliance across a wider market you need work to the lowest common denominator.

       - Andy.