The Day New York Went Underground: Engineering the Subway Revolution
On 27 October 1904 , New York City introduced its first underground railway line, running from City Hall to 145th Street. The Interborough Rapid Transit (IRT) system covered 9.1 miles and carried over 100,000 passengers on its first day. It marked a significant shift in how cities approached mobility, especially in densely populated urban centres. The subway addressed mounting congestion, pollution from horse-drawn vehicles, and the limitations of surface-level transport. It also demonstrated how engineering could be applied to solve complex urban challenges with speed and scale. Technical Challenges and Solutions Constructing the subway beneath Manhattan’s busy streets required a combination of civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering expertise. Engineers had to navigate existing…