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Tracing an underground cable fault?

Has anyone any experience of tracing an underground cable fault?

The cable supplies a private estates street lighting.

It's a 3 core 4mm SWA, approx. 50 metres in length, it has a Line to Earth fault.

I haven't separated the armour and internal earth core, so it could be a armour to Line cable fault, or a CPC to LIne fault. Either way the cable needs to be repaired.

We do not have drawings of where it runs, and from a site survey, it isnt obvious how it has been run either, logic would suggest it runs under the pavement, but a test digging yesterday at the first lamppost suggests it runs a direct route to its source across a garden.

I tested at both ends yesterday, it gave a wandering ~1600 ohms L-E reading, I was hoping the reading would be steady, then I could estimate where the fault was with the differing resisitance values from each end, but the reading was not steady at all - water ingress?

I did zap it a few times at 1000V insulation test, this made no difference, and, of course, gave a 0.00 Mohm reading.


Are there Companies with the equipment that is capable of tracing these faults?

We really don't want to dig up 50 metres of tarmaced pavement.

  • mapj1:

    . . . I'd be a bit wary of saying that TDR will always be able to find a 1600 ohm shunt fault easily - it is much better on a dead short or a total open. If the results are inconclusive, in certain circles it is not unknown to apply enough volts to make the fault heat up and become a proper open or short you can find. . . 




    I agree, but I am trying to think of test kit that is readily available, rather than what I can find in our stores. As the cable is continuous at the moment, it is always worth trying to do as many tests as possible before inflicting more damage. We have a dc “burner” which can be adjusted, with the idea of either trying to lay down a carbon track to create a short, or burn the cable in two. On the distribution network though with aluminium cable, a 400A fuse or two will finish most things off! 


    Regards,


    Alan. 

  • How about a Varley Loop Test followed by a Murray Loop Test for a more precise fault location?


    Z.

  • AncientMariner:

    . . . Can you see any signs of severe gardening having taken place, not only along the "obvious" route, but also in the vicinity or close by elsewhere?




    New fence posts are always a possibility. It is surprising the damage you can do with a Metpost! 


    Regards,


    Alan. 

  • Former Community Member
    0 Former Community Member
    I'm surprised that the estate agents' subbed out "for sale/rent" guys don't to more damage or leave a "legacy" fault from their use of wooden stakes....


    Regards


    BOD

  • Alan Capon:
    AncientMariner:

    . . . Can you see any signs of severe gardening having taken place, not only along the "obvious" route, but also in the vicinity or close by elsewhere?



    New fence posts are always a possibility. It is surprising the damage you can do with a Metpost! 

    Regards,

    Alan. 


    Or a water meter!


    Our next door neighbours new water meter was grand for a few months and then Christmas Eve or the day before(?) The nick in the PILC street cable must have let some water in and it went dark!  For some months actually, since it was a 5-core main cable which included the street light's live supply.  Since SP don't replace like for like corewise, a new feed had to be supplied to the street light opposite.

    Clive

  • perspicacious:

    I'm surprised that the estate agents' subbed out "for sale/rent" guys don't to more damage or leave a "legacy" fault from their use of wooden stakes....




    Round here they started using wooden stakes with met posts on the bottom as it was easier. It changed once we wrote to all the estate agents pointing out the error of their ways. ?


    Regards,


    Alan. 

  • As a follow up to this, it has gone to the Boss to make the decision on what to do now, I've said there may be Companies available to search the route, and possibly trace the fault area. With many Companies shut down at the moment, he isnt making it a priority.

    Further testing was carried out, the armour has shorted to the blue and red cores, with a resistance of around 1300 ohms when it was tested last, the red and blue cores have negligible resistance, <1 ohm to each other, but annoyingly, it wavers, and isnt very different whichever end it is tested from. Even if we did test and find a rough length of the fault, we don't know the route, so it would be fruitless in digging random holes. The yellow core is not damaged.

    Thanks for all the pointers for help.
  • 3a25ff0c4871ecd3b51bf82c9190762f-huge-20200420_183406.jpg

  • Reminds me years ago my dad was making holes for a new fence at the school were he worked and one of the boys from the school came to ask my dad why none of the lights in the school were working  turns out he'd gone through a 3 phase cable that supplied a group of the port classrooms that were more or less permenant the thing was my dad didn't here a bang or even feel a tingle despite making the holes with an iron bar

  • Sparkingchip:
    3a25ff0c4871ecd3b51bf82c9190762f-huge-20200420_183406.jpg

     




    Interesting. I regularly use the second method and can explain the physics behind it. I have been known to use the first as a “last resort” but cannot explain why it also works. 


    Regards,


    Alan.